Archive of posts - Nuwan Perera

Empathy Chart vs Empathy Map: Definitions, Differences, Uses, and How to Create a Chart for Free. 30 June 2025 | 7 min read
Empathy Chart vs Empathy Map: Definitions, Differences, Uses, and How to Create a Chart for Free.

There is no formal distinction between the terms ‘Empathy Chart’ and ‘Empathy Map’ and the two are often used interchangeably for user research. Empathy map is the standard, well-defined framework, while empathy chart is not officially recognized. We’ll go through each, and look at a breakdown of their differences to help you understand how to use them in practice. Read More

How to Use PEST Analysis in Strategic Management 30 June 2025 | 6 min read
How to Use PEST Analysis in Strategic Management

PEST analysis in strategic management empowers organizations to align long-term objectives with external realities and anticipate emerging challenges. By systematically scanning these four domains (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological), teams can mitigate risks, capitalize on opportunities, and enhance decision quality. Read More

PEST Analysis in Marketing: Factor Types, Usage, and How to Do a PEST 30 June 2025 | 7 min read
PEST Analysis in Marketing: Factor Types, Usage, and How to Do a PEST

PEST analysis in marketing focuses on evaluating how Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors influence campaign performance, target audiences, and channel strategies. Whether you’re launching a new product or refining an existing strategy, mastering PEST in marketing is key to staying adaptable in a fast-paced environment. Read More

Reverse Brainstorming Examples: Definition, Examples, How to Use and Free Templates. 30 June 2025 | 6 min read
Reverse Brainstorming Examples: Definition, Examples, How to Use and Free Templates.

What Is Reverse Brainstorming? Reverse brainstorming is a creative methodology that starts by asking participants to identify ways to worsen a problem or obstruct a desired outcome. By deliberately generating negative actions, causes, or scenarios, teams can later flip each idea into constructive, positive solutions. This inverse approach of reverse brainstorming encourages deeper exploration of pain points and uncovers hidden factors that might never emerge during conventional brainstorming. Read More

How to Conduct a PEST Analysis Using Key PEST Factors 24 June 2025 | 7 min read
How to Conduct a PEST Analysis Using Key PEST Factors

Key PEST Factors The four key PEST factors assessed in a PEST analysis are Political, Economic, Social, and Technological. By analyzing these factors, organizations can identify opportunities, anticipate risks, and develop strategies that adapt to changing conditions. Read More

What is a PEST Analysis: Definition, and Usage 24 June 2025 | 5 min read
What is a PEST Analysis: Definition, and Usage

PEST Analysis Definition PEST analysis is a strategic framework used to identify and assess the external macro-environmental factors that may impact an organization’s performance. It categorizes these influences into four key factors: Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, providing a structured approach for evaluating potential opportunities and threats in the external environment. Read More

12 SOP Template Examples to Optimize Your Workflow + Free Templates 14 June 2025 | 9 min read
12 SOP Template Examples to Optimize Your Workflow + Free Templates

What is an SOP An SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) is a set of step-by-step instructions that outline how to perform a specific task or process in a consistent and efficient manner. It serves as a guide for employees, ensuring that operations are carried out correctly, safely, and in compliance with industry standards or regulations. SOPs are essential for businesses and organizations because they: Read More

How to Create an Empathy Map: A Step-by-Step Guide 21 May 2025 | 10 min read
How to Create an Empathy Map: A Step-by-Step Guide

Creating an empathy map is an essential step in understanding your audience deeply and designing experiences that truly resonate with their needs. By visualizing a user’s thoughts, emotions, attitudes, behaviors, and pain points, you gain valuable insights that help shape products, services, and strategies effectively. Read More

Attributes in ERD: A Guide for Database Designers 13 May 2025 | 8 min read
Attributes in ERD: A Guide for Database Designers

Attributes in ERD play a crucial role in defining and distinguishing entities within a database. From simple attributes that store atomic values to composite attributes that break down into smaller components, these elements help structure data meaningfully. Understanding attributes is essential for maintaining data integrity, optimizing queries, and ensuring effective relationships between entities. This guide explores the different types of attributes in ERD, their importance, and best practices for utilizing them in database modeling. Read More

A Guide to Understanding ERD Relationships in Modern Database Design 06 May 2025 | 11 min read
A Guide to Understanding ERD Relationships in Modern Database Design

Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) are the foundation of modern database design, offering a visual representation of how data is structured, connected, and maintained. As businesses and organizations rely increasingly on efficient data management, understanding ERD relationships is essential for designing scalable, well-organized databases. Read More

Understanding Crow's Foot Notation: Symbols & Usage Guide 06 May 2025 | 10 min read
Understanding Crow's Foot Notation: Symbols & Usage Guide

Crow’s Foot notation is a powerful and widely used method for visually representing relationships in database modeling. Its distinctive symbols such as dashes, circles, and the ‘crow’s foot’ shape help define the connections between entities, making database structures easier to interpret. Read More

How to Make an ER Diagram in Word | A Quick Guide 28 April 2025 | 11 min read
How to Make an ER Diagram in Word | A Quick Guide

While Microsoft Word offers a practical way to create ER diagrams using its shapes and SmartArt features, it often falls short in functionality and efficiency compared to specialized tools. Creately, on the other hand, excels as a dedicated diagramming platform with intuitive tools, customizable templates, and collaboration features designed for professional-grade ER diagrams. Read More

ER Diagram Symbols Explained | A Beginner’s Guide 23 April 2025 | 11 min read
ER Diagram Symbols Explained | A Beginner’s Guide

Entity Relationship (ER) diagrams are the cornerstone of effective database design, acting as a visual language that bridges the gap between abstract concepts and structured data models. At the heart of these diagrams lie ER diagram symbols and notation styles, which transform complex relationships into easily understandable representations. Whether you’re a novice stepping into the world of data modeling or an experienced database architect aiming to refine your craft, understanding these ER diagram symbols is crucial for building clear, efficient, and scalable data structures. Read More